Evaluation of the combination of Linear Alkylbezene Sulfonate (LAS) with emerging pollutants: an approach to aquatic ecotoxicity and Electron Beam treatment

Vanessa Silva Granadeiro Garcia; Flávio kiyoshi Tominaga; Nathalia Fonseca Boiani; Anselmo Feher; Sueli Ivone Borrely

doi:10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2625

Authors

Vanessa Silva Granadeiro Garcia Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
Flávio kiyoshi tominaga Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
Nathalia Fonseca Boiani Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
Anselmo Feher Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares
Sueli Ivone Borrely Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2625

Keywords:

Aquatic ecosystem, emerging pollutats, electron beam treatment, LAS

Abstract

The presence of surfactants and other emerging pollutants in water bodies has become a major environmental concern in several places around the world, since these pollutants cause adverse problems in aquatic ecosystems and compromise public health, regarding the supply of good quality water. These pollutants often originate from various sources, including industrial activities, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. A critical aspect of this issue is that many of these pollutants and their mixtures are difficult to degrade in biological treatment processes, requiring auxiliary treatments. Electron beam technology has been applied in various environmental matrices to degrade these pollutants, helping not only to increase degradability, as also to reduce the toxicity of these compounds. The present work aimed to evaluate LAS surfactant single and combined effects with emerging pollutants (caffeine and ciprofloxacin antibiotic) to aquatic organism Daphnia similis. It was also evaluated the electron beam (EB) treatment for reducing toxicity of single compounds. The organisms were exposed to samples (non-irradiated and irradiated LAS and mixtures) for 48 hours and the observed effect was immobility. The toxicity was evaluated through EC50 (median effective concentration) calculations. The EC50 values showed a high toxicity level for surfactant LAS with EC50s below 9%. Caffeine and Ciprofloxacin EC50 data were higher than 20%. EC50% values of the mixtures were close to the values of the isolated compounds. After the EB treatment (5 kGy) about 70% acute toxicity reduction was obtained for LAS surfactant. The combined presence of surfactants and emerging pollutants in aquatic matrices requires a comprehensive approach to monitoring and mitigating their impacts to protect aquatic ecosystems and human health.

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