Automation of Sample Handling for ORTEC’s Lead-Shielded High-Purity Germanium Gamma-Ray Detector

Automatización del manejo de muestras para el detector de rayos gamma de germanio de alta pureza blindado con plomo de ORTEC

Autores

  • Carolina Campagna-Sánchez Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra image/svg+xml
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    • Análise formal
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  • Jenny Gómez-Avila Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra image/svg+xml
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  • Grey Dorian Guzmán-Tejada Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra image/svg+xml
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  • Jose Ramón Alvarez Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra image/svg+xml
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  • Gabriela Beatriz Grad Universidad Nacional de Córdoba image/svg+xml
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  • Edgardo Venusto Bonzi Universidad Nacional de Córdoba image/svg+xml
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  • Jorge Torres-Díaz Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra image/svg+xml
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DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3019

Palavras-chave:

Autosampler, HPGe detector, Linear actuators, Arduino, Programming

Resumo

Gamma spectroscopy is a non-destructive technique for identifying and quantifying radionuclides in environmental samples. High-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors are commonly used for these analyses. To minimize background radiation from sources other than the sample, the detector is housed in a lead shield. ORTEC’s low-background shield, weighing approximately 1180 kg, poses challenges for automation, making such systems rare and commercially expensive. Additionally, HPGe detectors require cooling to cryogenic temperatures, typically achieved using liquid nitrogen (LN2). The drawbacks of LN2 include its high cost and the limited duration of a 30 L LN2 charge (around 14 days), regardless of detector operation. An autosampler, an automated sample-handling system, optimizes LN2 usage by enabling sample changes during idle periods. In this work, we developed a cost-effective and efficient autosampler incorporating a “pick and place” robot and a pneumatic circuit for sample manipulation, linear actuators for automated door operation, and an electronic system integrated with “Maestro” (ORTEC’s spectroscopy software) via a custom-developed Python interface. This system integrates mechanical design, electronics, and programming to enhance efficiency, optimize LN2 usage and reduce downtime, thereby improving overall operational performance.

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Referências

[1] WALLBRINK, P. J.; WALLING, D. E.; HE, Q. Radionuclide measurement using HPGe gamma spectrometry. In: ZAPATA, F. (Ed.). Handbook for the assessment of soil erosion and sedimentation using environmental radionuclides. Springer, Dordrecht, 2002. p. 67-96. ISBN 978-0-306-48054-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/0-306-48054-9_5

[2] GONÇALVES, M. F.; FERREIRA, A. C. M.; OLIVEIRA, A. B.; ALMEIDA, J. C. T.; CUNHA, M. P. S. A. Monitoring of radionuclides in water for human consumption in the county of Angra dos Reis. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 2, p. 01-23, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i2.1685

[3] LIM, S. I.; HUH, J. Y.; LEE, E. K.; et al. Development of a HPGe shielding system for radioactivity measurements at Cheongpyeong Underground Radiation Laboratory. Journal of the Korean Physical Society, v. 69, n. 11, p. 1666-1672, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3938/jkps.69.1666

[4] BAGINOVA, M.; VOJTYLA, P.; POVINEC, P. P. The neutron component of background of an HPGe detector operating in a surface laboratory. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, v. 166, p. 109422, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109422

[5] POLACZEK-GRELIK, K., KISIEL, J., WALENCIK-ŁATA, A. et al. Lead shielding efficiency from the gamma background measurements in the salt cavern of the Polkowice–Sieroszowice copper mine. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 308, p. 773–780, 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-015-4567-6

[6] CARVALHO, M. C.; SANDERS, C. J.; HOLLOWAY, J. Auto-HPGe, an autosampler for gamma-ray spectroscopy using high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors and heavy shields. HardwareX, v. 4, p. e00040, 2018. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ohx.2018.e00040

[7] NUVIATECH INSTRUMENTS. ASC - Automatic Sample Changer. Available at: https://www.nuviatech-instruments.com/product/nulab-asc/. Accessed on: 11 nov. 2025.

[8] ANTECH INC. Automated Gamma Spectroscopy System (AGSS). Available at: https://www.antech-inc.com/product/automated-gamma-spectroscopy-system-agss/. Accessed on: 11 nov. 2025.

[9] UPP, D.; KEYSER, R.; TWOMEY, T. New cooling methods for HPGE detectors and associated electronics. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, v. 264, n. 1, p. 121-126, 2005. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10967-005-0684-y

[10] MELO, G. R. DE; ZAHN, G. S.; GENEZINI, F. A.; MOREIRA, E. G. Development of an environmental monitoring station for HPGe detectors. Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences, v. 9, n. 1A, p. 1-14, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15392/bjrs.v9i1A.1412

[11] SPONG, M. W.; HUTCHINSON, S.; VIDYASAGAR, M. Robot modeling and control. Wiley, 2020. ISBN 978-1-119-52404-5.

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Publicado

05-06-2026

Declaração de Disponibilidade de Dados

All data and software supporting this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Edição

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Artigos Originais