Assessment of Terrestrial Radionuclides and Radiological Risk within Indigenous Construction Materials: A Case Study from the Liwale District, Tanzania

Huruma Peter Mammba; Machibya A. Anthony

doi:10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3053

Autores

Huruma Peter Mammba Tume ya Nguvu za Atomu Tanzania
Machibya A. Anthony Tume ya Nguvu za Atomu Tanzania
- Escrita - esboço original
- Escrita - revisão e edição

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3053

Palavras-chave:

Radionuclídeos naturais, Riscos de radiação em interiores, Materiais de construção

Resumo

L’exposition prolongée aux rayonnements ionisants en milieu intérieur constitue un enjeu majeur de santé publique, principalement en raison de la présence de radionucléides naturels dans les matériaux de construction. Cette étude a été entreprise à la suite de la documentation de niveaux élevés de rayonnement gamma dans le district de Liwale. L’objectif est d’évaluer la radioactivité naturelle et les risques radiologiques associés aux matériaux de construction issus de cette région, caractérisée par des Arénosols hypoluviques et des Luvisols profondiques/aréniques dérivés de dépôts de grès néogènes continentaux. Vingt-cinq échantillons de sable, d'argile et de gravier ont été analysés par spectrométrie gamma à l’aide d’un détecteur au germanium de haute pureté (HPGe). Les concentrations d'activité moyennes mesurées pour le ²²⁶Ra, le ²³²Th et le ⁴⁰K étaient respectivement de 40.8±2.5 Bq kg^-1, 114.9±4.1 Bq kg^-1 et 311.9±14.5 Bq kg^-1. Bien que les niveaux de ⁴⁰K soient conformes aux normes, les concentrations de ²²⁶Ra et de ²³²Th dépassent les moyennes mondiales de l'UNSCEAR. L'évaluation des indices de risque radiologique indique des valeurs moyennes (Ra_eq, 229.1±9.6 Bq kg^-1; H_ex, 0.6; I, 0.8, et E_ff, 0.5 mSv an^-1) situées en deçà des limites internationales recommandées, suggérant un risque globalement faible. Toutefois, une analyse individuelle révèle que 20 % des échantillons (5 sur 25) excèdent les seuils de sécurité pour Ra_eq, H_ex, et I, tandis que 16 % (4 sur 25) dépassent la limite de dose efficace annuelle (E_ff). Ces résultats mettent en évidence des risques lithogéniques potentiels liés à l'utilisation de ces matériaux de construction. En conséquence, cette étude préconise la mise en œuvre rigoureuse de mesures réglementaires de contrôle et de dépistage des matériaux de construction issus de ces formations géologiques spécifiques.

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Biografia do Autor

Huruma Peter Mammba, Tume ya Nguvu za Atomu Tanzania

Officer In Charge / Research Officer,

Southern Zone,

Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission.
Machibya A. Anthony, Tume ya Nguvu za Atomu Tanzania

Renior Research Officer,

Officer in Charge of Central Zone.

Tanzania Atomic Energy Commission (TAEC).

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