Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences (BJRS)
type: channel
description: Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences - BJRS ISSN 2319-0612 Una forma de impactar la cultura de seguridad y protección radiológica es establecer procesos de comunicación adecuados entre todos los actores involucrados en las aplicaciones de las radiaciones y en la protección radiológica. En este contexto, la BJRS como revista de acceso abierto, mantenida por la Sociedad Brasileña de Protección Radiológica - SBPR, sociedad asociada de la Asociación Internacional de Protección Radiológica (IRPA), tiene como objetivo difundir artículos científicos sobre las principales disciplinas de las ciencias de la radiación, entre ellas: • Efectos biológicos y en la salud de la radiación, • Protección radiológica de pacientes, trabajadores y miembros del público, • Mediciones de Radiación y Dosimetría, • Recomendaciones y Normas Internacionales, • Protección del ambiente, • Educación y entrenamiento, • Tecnología y Desarrollo, • Comunicación con la Sociedad, • Compromiso y Participación de las Partes Interesadas, • Cultura de Seguridad y Percepción de Riesgo, • Preparación y respuesta ante emergencias, • Gestión de Residuos Radiactivos, • Transporte Seguro de Materiales Radiactivos, • Seguridad Nuclear, Salvaguardias y Seguridad de los Materiales Radiactivos, • Derecho Nuclear, • Tecnología de Reactores Nucleares: nuevos conceptos, • Ciclo del Combustible Nuclear.
publisher: Sociedade Brasileira de Proteção Radiológica
language: es
publication name: Brazilian Journal of Radiation Sciences (BJRS)
issn: 2319-0612
copyright: Licencia: los artículos de BJRS tienen una licencia internacional Creative Commons Attribution 4.0, que permite el uso, el intercambio, la adaptación, la distribución y la reproducción en cualquier medio o formato, siempre que se otorgue el crédito correspondiente al autor o autores originales y a la fuente, proporcione un enlace a la licencia Creative Commons e indique si se realizaron cambios. Las imágenes u otros materiales de terceros en el artículo están incluidos en la licencia Creative Commons del artículo, a menos que se indique lo contrario en una línea de crédito al material. Si el material no está incluido en la licencia Creative Commons del artículo y su uso previsto no está permitido por la regulación legal o excede el uso permitido, el autor deberá obtener el permiso directamente del titular de los derechos de autor. Para ver una copia de esta licencia, visite http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
items: Patient-Specific Quality Control (PSQA) of stereotactic treatments in radiotherapy: a study of the sensitivity of a commercial in-vivo dosimetry system
items: Gestión y desafíos del tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides con terapia con yodo radiactivo en un paciente con parálisis cerebral y trastorno del espectro autista: un informe de caso
items: Monte Carlo simulations study of non-collinear gamma-ray cascade correlation emissions for medical imaging
items: Metrology in the context of ionizing radiation regulatory bodies
items: Application of Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters in the Evaluation of the Dose Map Software in Interventional Radiology
items: PLA-Based Simulator for Dosimetry Assessment of Healthcare Waste
items: Practical leak detection and leak rate measurement applied to a hot cell for radiopharmaceuticals preparations in a GMP compliant Laboratory
items: Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Management in Ceara, Brazil: A Descriptive Analysis of Utilization and Challenges
items: Use of geopolymer for cesium sorption
items: Advances of the Modified Spectral Deterministic method applied in the solution of two-dimensional neutron shielding problems considering linearly anisotropic scattering
items: Analysis of the principles of green chemistry in the radioiodination of metaiodobenzylguanidine compared to the principles already adopted for radiological protection
items: Application of Feedforward Neural Networks for Virtual Sensor Implementation in Nuclear Reactors
items: Committed Effective Dose by Ingestion Food Grown in PEPB
items: Influence of dose rate on radiotherapy treatment of the U87MG cell line through cell viability
items: Re-characterization of pneumatic station position for short irradiations of IEA-R1 reactor for use in k0-method
items: Evaluation of Public Exposure to Gamma Radiation in Cotonou, Southern Benin
items: ApplyApplying Deep Learning in gamma-spectroscopy for radionuclide identificationng Deep-learning in gamma-spectroscopy for radionuclide identification
items: Analysis of TG-43 dosimetric parameters for an Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy source using with the Geant4 toolkit
items: Development of a semi-analytical nodal methodology for one-dimensional eigenvalue problems based on multigroup neutron transport theory using the discrete ordinate formulation
items: Electronic Brachytherapy: A Calibration Protocol in Terms of Absorbed Dose to Water"
items: Comparative Study of Thermal Neutron Flux from Gold Foil Activation.
items: Pathological Studies in Uteruses by X-ray Microtomography
items: Development of Spheroid in Co-Culture of Prostate Tumor with Human Fibroblast, using the Hanging Drop Technique with Plate Inversion for Analysis of GammaCell220 Irradiation in Co-60
items: Estudio retrospectivo de la exposición a las radiaciones ionizantes durante procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista realizados en el Centro Cardiovascular Universitario del Uruguay
items: Study for the Development of a Biosensor Aimed at the Interaction-Response of Chemical War Agents and Ionizing Radiation
items: Evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and radioprotective potencial of the lectin WSMoL from Moringa oleífera Lam. seeds
items: Tissue Reactions (Deterministic Effects) in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology: An Integrative Review of Recent Literature
items: Human biomonitoring in residents of a NORM area using the comet assay, Pernambuco-Brazil
items: Evaluaciones de los posibles efectos mutagénicos y genotóxicos de los 2-ACBs: subproductos generados a partir de alimentos irradiados
items: Thermal-Hydraulic Analyzes of a Slow Loss of Flow Accident in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor using RELAP and CFD Codes

Patient-Specific Quality Control (PSQA) of stereotactic treatments in radiotherapy: a study of the sensitivity of a commercial in-vivo dosimetry system
type: item
description: This study evaluates a commercial automated in-vivo dosimetry software for stereotactic radiotherapy, focusing on its sensitivity to variations and accuracy in dose prediction. Development: The system’s sensitivity was assessed through linear accelerator performance tests, detecting both natural and intentionally introduced errors. Methods: The research was divided into two parts. In Part A, the system’s sensitivity was tested by assessing output constancy and linearity for different field sizes. A homogeneous phantom simulated static fields, allowing the introduction of controlled discrepancies, including geometric shifts, multileaf collimator (MLC) deviations, and energy variations. Part B used a heterogeneous phantom replicating human head and neck anatomy to simulate realistic stereotactic radiotherapy plans with varying targets and doses. These plans were intentionally modified before irradiation and delivered to an electronic portal imaging device. Planned and delivered dose distributions were compared using gamma index criteria. Results: Output linearity tests showed improved gamma passing rates with higher dose deliveries, while larger fields exhibited degraded rates due to steep dose falloff at field borders. The 3%/3mm criterion was ineffective for low-dose segments. For output constancy, gamma passing rates improved with stricter 2%/2mm and 1%/1mm criteria as dose decreased, whereas the 3%/3mm criterion remained insensitive. The system effectively detected intentional output variations, though sensitivity dropped for dose differences below 5%. It identified field size variations up to 1 mm and collimator rotations up to 5°, with MLC discrepancies detectable up to 1 mm. Among the tested criteria, 3%/3mm proved least robust. Energy variations were accurately detected. Tests with the heterogeneous phantom confirmed the platform’s ability to verify planned treatment parameters and dose metrics accurately. Conclusion: The study provided a comprehensive assessm…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: quality control
  topic: keywords
subject: stereotactic radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: sensibility
  topic: keywords
subject: gamma analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: radiotherapy
  topic: subjects
subject: quality control
  topic: subjects
subject: stereotaxy
  topic: subjects
subject: in vivo dosimetry
  topic: subjects
subject: sensibility
  topic: subjects
subject: gamma analysis
  topic: subjects
creator: Mardey Santana Silva
creator: Simone Coutinho Cardoso
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Mardey Santana Silva, Dra. Simone C. Cardoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-05-08
publication date: 2026-05-08
starting page: e3022
ending page: e3022
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3022

Gestión y desafíos del tratamiento del cáncer de tiroides con terapia con yodo radiactivo en un paciente con parálisis cerebral y trastorno del espectro autista: un informe de caso
type: item
description: El cáncer de tiroides es una de las neoplasias endocrinas más prevalentes en Brasil, y la terapia con yodo radiactivo (RAI) es un enfoque terapéutico adyuvante bien establecido. Sin embargo, el manejo de este tratamiento puede ser un desafío en pacientes con trastornos neurológicos y alteraciones conductuales. Este informe de caso describe la experiencia de un adolescente de 16 años con parálisis cerebral y trastorno del espectro autista (TEA) de nivel 3, que se sometió a RAI tras una tiroidectomía total debido a un carcinoma papilar de tiroides metastásico. El caso resalta el enfoque técnico personalizado adoptado por los profesionales de la salud para abordar las demandas específicas de este escenario complejo. Este caso pone de relieve la complejidad de la RAI en pacientes con discapacidades neurológicas graves y refuerza la necesidad de una participación multidisciplinaria ampliada, incluyendo neurólogos y psiquiatras, durante la fase preparatoria. La implementación de una capacitación ampliada para cuidadores y la consideración de estrategias terapéuticas alternativas son esenciales para garantizar una mayor seguridad y adherencia al tratamiento.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Protección radiológica
  topic: keywords
subject: Informe de caso
  topic: keywords
subject: Terapia con yodo radiactivo
  topic: keywords
subject: Carcinoma papilar de tiroides
  topic: keywords
subject: Trastorno del espectro autista
  topic: keywords
subject: Radioiodine therapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Radiological Protection
  topic: subjects
subject: Nuclear Medicine
  topic: subjects
creator: Janaína Dutra Silvestre Mendes
creator: Beatriz Trajano Coelho
creator: Claudia Maria Teixeira Palhota Menezes
creator: Marcia Maria Santos Lopes de Andrade
creator: Celia Helena Fernandes da Costa
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Dra. Janaína Dutra Silvestre Mendes, Beatriz Trajano Coelho, Claudia Maria Teixeira Palhota Menezes, Marcia Maria Santos Lopes de Andrade, Célia Helena Fernandes da Costa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-30
publication date: 2026-04-30
starting page: e3006
ending page: e3006
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3006

Monte Carlo simulations study of non-collinear gamma-ray cascade correlation emissions for medical imaging
type: item
description: Conventional imaging techniques such as SPECT and PET cannot directly identify the positions of individual decaying nuclei. As such, they heavily rely on statistical backprojection for image point reconstruction. Therefore, this study explores an alternative approach using non-collinear gamma-ray cascade emissions, which are emitted directly from the decay position and unaffected by positron movement. Detecting these cascades in coincidence allows precise localization of decay events, enabling direct image point reconstruction. To evaluate this concept, GATE Monte Carlo simulation was used to simulate the cascade emission from 111In-ion point sources and detection using collimated small animal PET scanner. Finally, a custom image reconstruction algorithm was developed to estimate the three-dimensional position of a decaying nucleus by calculating the midpoint of the shortest segment, or the intersection, between two collimator projections from a valid coincidence event. The results show that at the center of the field of view, image sensitivities of 22.2 cps/MBq in air and 20.0 cps/MBq in a PMMA phantom were achieved. Furthermore, a spatial resolution of 4.1 mm FWHM was obtained in the transaxial direction and 7.6 mm FWHM in the axial direction. The imaging system is capable of resolving two-point sources separated by 8.0 mm (transaxial) and 10.0 mm (axial). The results from this simulation study indicate that the proposed imager with its image reconstruction method surpasses conventional PET and SPECT in emission point localization accuracy.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Medical image reconstruction
  topic: keywords
subject: non-collinear gamma ray
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D source location
  topic: keywords
subject: GATE Monte Carlo simulation
  topic: keywords
creator: Leonid Leopold Nkuba
creator: Innocent Jimmy Lugendo
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Leonid Leopold Nkuba, Innocent Jimmy Lugendo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-24
publication date: 2026-04-24
starting page: e3031
ending page: e3031
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3031

Metrology in the context of ionizing radiation regulatory bodies
type: item
description: This paper analyzes the role of metrology in the regulation of activities involving ionizing radiation in Brazil, highlighting its relevance in ensuring the reliability of measurements used in regulatory processes. The regulation of these activities is carried out by different governmental bodies, particularly the National Nuclear Safety Authority (ANSN), the Brazilian Health Regulatory Agency (ANVISA), and the Ministry of Labor and Employment, and is based on three main stages: the establishment of standards and regulations, licensing and authorization processes, and inspections and audits. In all these stages, metrology plays a central role by ensuring comparability and traceability of measurement results. The paper also discusses the integration of the Brazilian metrological infrastructure into the international context, emphasizing the importance of institutions and agreements such as the BIPM, ILAC, OIML, and the CIPM MRA, which are responsible for ensuring the international recognition of measurement standards and results. At the national level, the role of the National Institute of Metrology, Quality and Technology (INMETRO) is highlighted as the body responsible for coordinating the Brazilian metrological system, as well as the role of the National Laboratory of Ionizing Radiation Metrology (LNMRI) as the designated laboratory for ionizing radiation. In addition, the paper analyzes the operational measurement infrastructure in Brazil, which includes calibration laboratories, testing laboratories, individual monitoring services, and radiometric analysis laboratories, all linked to accreditation networks coordinated by Cgcre/Inmetro and CASEC. In this context, the reliability of measurements depends on metrological traceability to the International System of Units (SI) and on the proper integration of the different levels of the metrological infrastructure. Finally, it is concluded that although Brazil has a robust metrological infrastructure aligned with inte…
subject: Review Articles
  topic: section
subject: Metrology
  topic: keywords
subject: Ionizing radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: Regulatory body
  topic: keywords
subject: ANSN
  topic: keywords
subject: Metrology
  topic: subjects
creator: Paulo Gonçalves da Cunha
creator: Eliana Correa Simões do Amaral
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Paulo Gonçalves da Cunha, Eliana Correa Simões do Amaral https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-17
publication date: 2026-04-17
starting page: e3105
ending page: e3105
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3105

Application of Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimeters in the Evaluation of the Dose Map Software in Interventional Radiology
type: item
description: Interventional radiology is widely employed; however, the complexity and duration of certain procedures may result in significant radiation exposure to patients. This study presents a comparison between a commercial computational dose mapping method used in interventional radiology, Dose Map, and optically stimulated luminescence dosimetry using a matrix built with these dosimeters. The dosimetric material was obtained from a roll of Landauer Luxel® tape and calibrated on a GE® Innova 4100 IQ angiography system, using an ionization chamber as a reference. The calibration yielded a linear relationship between the readout signal and the air kerma. Experiments were conducted using homogeneous poly(methyl methacrylate) phantoms, as well as clinical monitoring of patients. The maximum deviation between kerma values measured by the dosimeters and those estimated by Dose Map was 14%. The comparison among the dosimeter matrix, radiochromic film, and Dose Map demonstrated good geometric agreement in both phantom studies and patient monitoring. These results confirm the applicability of Dose Map for real-time dose monitoring, contributing to improved patient safety in interventional radiology.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Interventional Radiology
  topic: keywords
subject: entrance skin kerma
  topic: keywords
subject: peak skin dose
  topic: keywords
subject: OSL dosimetry
  topic: keywords
creator: Eduardo Souza Santos
creator: Denise Yanikian Nersissian
creator: Elisabeth Mateus Yoshimura
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Eduardo Souza Santos, Denise Yanikian Nersissian, Elisabeth Mateus Yoshimura https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-20
publication date: 2026-02-20
starting page: e2938
ending page: e2938
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2938

PLA-Based Simulator for Dosimetry Assessment of Healthcare Waste
type: item
description: Healthcare waste (HCW) requires efficient treatment prior to final disposal to prevent the spread of pathogens and environmental contamination. Ionizing irradiation has emerged as a promising alternative to incineration; however, accurate absorbed-dose determination depends on knowledge of the material’s radiological properties. This work aims to develop a physical simulator for HCW to support dosimetric evaluation of irradiated waste, including experimental and computational validation. Data from the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), along with the XCOM and ESTAR programs, were used to obtain mass energy-absorption coefficients for photons and mass stopping power for electrons in the energy range of 0.1 to 20 MeV. Two approaches were considered: a full compositional model representative of typical HCW, and a simplified model based on Polylactic Acid (PLA), containing only C, O, and H, assuming that PLA adequately reproduces the predominant elemental fraction of the waste. Dosimetric validation was performed by comparing mass attenuation coefficients (μ) and stopping power (S) between HCW and PLA. Computational simulations using PHITS evaluated the spatial dose distribution from photons and electrons. A physical simulator was subsequently manufactured by 3D printing in PLA, with a density of 0.15 g/cm³ and internal hexagonal geometry to reflect realistic waste packing characteristics. Comparisons of attenuation and stopping power coefficients showed minimal differences between HCW and PLA, demonstrating radiological equivalence. Simulations and analyses confirmed that the simulator effectively reproduces the spatial dose distribution, with good homogeneity and fidelity to real behavior. The use of PLA proved to be a practical, economical, and technically consistent solution for constructing simulators aimed at improving dosimetric processes in ionizing radiation treatment of healthcare waste, while also enabling reproducible studies with strong …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Healthcare Waste
  topic: keywords
subject: Dosimetry
  topic: keywords
subject: PLA Phan
  topic: keywords
subject: 3D Printing
  topic: keywords
subject: Monte Carlo Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Industrial Radiation Processing
  topic: keywords
subject: dosimetria computacional
  topic: subjects
subject: Aceleradores Industriais
  topic: subjects
subject: Phantons de dosimetria
  topic: subjects
subject: Simulação Computacional
  topic: subjects
creator: Hugo Leonardo Lemos Silva
creator: Noil Amorim de Menezes Cussiol
creator: Tarcísio Passos Ribeiro de Campos
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Hugo Leonardo Lemos Silva, Noil Amorim de Menezes Cussiol, Tarcísio Passos Ribeiro de Campos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-27
publication date: 2026-03-27
starting page: e3037
ending page: e3037
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3037

Practical leak detection and leak rate measurement applied to a hot cell for radiopharmaceuticals preparations in a GMP compliant Laboratory
type: item
description: Hot cells are containment systems used in radiopharmaceutical production, designed to ensure radiation protection and product quality. Leak tightness testing is a mandatory requirement under CNEN NN 6.13 standard, as it directly impacts worker safety, environmental protection, and product integrity. This study aimed to perform a practical pressure change leak test in a hot cell used for radiopharmaceutical preparations, in accordance with applicable technical standards. The pressure change method was applied using pressures between 1.6 and 2.5 higher the working pressure for a testing time of 15 minutes. The method proved practical, requiring no highly specialized equipment, although its sensitivity to temperature highlights the importance of high-precision thermometer. Results showed that while the method is suitable for ISO 10648-2:1994 Class 2 compliance, it may not be adequate for Class 1 due to the risk of mathematically inaccurate results under temperature variations. Multiple rounds of leak detection and repair were required to achieve the required containment level. Overall, the DC, RIC, CIC, and Solid Waste chambers met Class 2 leak tightness requirements, being suitable for use in radiopharmacy facilities.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Semana Nacional de la Ingeniería Nuclear y Energética y de las Ciencias Radiológicas (SENCER)
  topic: category
subject: hot cell
  topic: keywords
subject: leak tightness
  topic: keywords
subject: pressure change method
  topic: keywords
subject: radiopharmaceutical
  topic: keywords
creator: Rodrigo da Silveira Santos
creator: Carlos Leonel Zapparoli
creator: Joel Mendes dos Santos
creator: Gabriela Franco da Rosa Caetano
creator: Marcelo de Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti
creator: Delvonei Alves de Andrade
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Rodrigo da Silveira Santos, Carlos Leonel Zapparoli, Joel Mendes dos Santos, Gabriela Franco da Rosa Caetano, Marcelo de Gusmão Paraíso Cavalcanti, Delvonei Alves de Andrade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
starting page: 3004
ending page: 3004
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3004

Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Management in Ceara, Brazil: A Descriptive Analysis of Utilization and Challenges
type: item
description: Prostate cancer remains a major public health concern in Brazil due to its high incidence and persistent regional inequalities. Early diagnosis is crucial for effective curative treatments, including radiation therapy; however, socioeconomic and geographic disparities significantly influence access to timely diagnosis and appropriate care. This study presents a descriptive analysis of prostate cancer management in Ceará, Northeastern Brazil, focusing on radiotherapy modalities and associated challenges. A retrospective review of 1,031 medical records from patients treated at the Integrated Regional Oncology Center (CRIO), in Fortaleza, between 2014 and 2023 was conducted. Data on demographic characteristics, disease staging, and treatment protocols were systematically analyzed, with emphasis on radiotherapy. Statistical analyses included Chi-square tests, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and multinomial regression to assess associations between patient characteristics, staging, and treatment decisions. Ethical approval was obtained (Protocol 4310688, Plataforma Brasil), with waiver of informed consent due to the retrospective design and use of de-identified data. The mean patient age was 71.3 years. Most patients were diagnosed with localized (Stage IIB, 36.3%) or locally advanced disease (Stage III, 23.2%), although a considerable proportion presented with Stage IV disease (16.0%). External Beam Radiotherapy (EBRT) was the predominant initial treatment (320 patients), whereas brachytherapy was used in less than 1% of cases. Geographic disparities were evident: 52.5% of patients came from Greater Fortaleza, reflecting centralization of oncology services. Educational attainment was generally low, with 21.5% illiterate and 63.5% having only elementary education, which may contribute to delayed diagnosis. A significant inverse association between age and disease stage (p<0.001) indicated that older patients were more frequently diagnosed at earlier stages, while younger patients …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prostate Cancer
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Brachytherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Health Disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: Prostate Cancer, Radiotherapy, Brachytherapy, External Beam Radiation Therapy, Cancer Staging, Health Disparities.
  topic: subjects
creator: Tainá Maria Travassos Mota Martins
creator: Carla Daruich de Souza
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Tainá Maria Travassos Mota Martins, Carla Daruich de Souza https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-10
publication date: 2026-04-10
starting page: e3011
ending page: e3011
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3011

Use of geopolymer for cesium sorption
type: item
description: The sand extraction plays a crucial role in economic development and the construction industry. However, the fine waste generated during the extraction process brings environmental impacts on this activity. In order to promote the reuse of this waste, the synthesis of geopolymers was proposed. Geopolymers are a class of inorganic materials composed of aluminosilicates arranged in a three-dimensional network, originally developed by Joseph Davidovits in 1978. These are silica–alumina materials with an amorphous to semi-crystalline three-dimensional structure, obtained through alkaline activation. The raw materials used for their synthesis can consist of natural sources of aluminosilicates or by-products from industrial processes, which react through an alkaline activation route, generally using sodium or potassium hydroxide and silicate solutions as activating agents. These materials can be applied in the treatment of liquid radioactive waste through the sorption of cesium, which is commonly present in such waste. The study involved the characterization of mining waste, including quantitative (mineralogical) and qualitative (degree of amorphization) analyses, followed by the synthesis of the geopolymer. After 28 days of curing, the material was ground in a jaw mill and further reduced in a pulverizing mill. Cesium sorption tests with the prepared material were then carried out. The ground geopolymer was characterized by FTIR (Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy), XRD (X-ray Diffraction), XRF (X-ray Fluorescence), particle size analysis, and BET surface area measurement. Cesium sorption tests (using inactive CsCl) were performed using the batch equilibrium method, as described in the EPA Method 530. The results demonstrated that the grinding process was effective in adjusting grain size, enhancing the material’s surface area. Mineralogical characterization confirmed the presence of aluminosilicates such as kaolinite and muscovite, which have favorable sorption pro…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: waste
  topic: keywords
subject: geopolymer
  topic: keywords
subject: radioactive waste
  topic: keywords
subject: cesium
  topic: keywords
subject: sorption
  topic: keywords
creator: Juniara Lopes Versieux
creator: Carolina Braccini Freire
creator: Fenando Soares Lameiras
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 juniara versieux, Carolina Braccini Freire, Fenando Soares Lameiras https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-04-03
publication date: 2026-04-03
starting page: e2999
ending page: e2999
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2999

Advances of the Modified Spectral Deterministic method applied in the solution of two-dimensional neutron shielding problems considering linearly anisotropic scattering
type: item
description: This work extends the application of the spectral-nodal method SDM, cf., Modified Spectral Deterministics (MSD-CN), to solve neutron shielding problems (fixed-source) in two-dimensional Cartesian rectangular geometry, considering problems with linearly anisotropic scattering in the formulation of discrete ordinates (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>S</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>N</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 3.0pt; mso-text-raise: -3.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> ), using a constant approximation for the transverse neutron leakage terms. The essence of this methodology lies in the use of the intranodal analytical solution of the neutron transport equation and an iterative process that employs the concept of spatial sweeping, like the Source Iteration method used in the fine-mesh method DD, cf., Diamond Difference, for estimating the angular neutron fluxes emerging in the spatial nodes. To validate the methodology, a numerical simulation of two model-problems was performed, where the MSD-CN was able to achieve numerical results with a small relative deviation compared to the reference method Diamond Difference alongside a performance test to compute the execution time of the algorithm. All methods were implemented in the computational language C++.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Physics and Thermal Hydraulics (ENFIR)
  topic: category
subject: International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)
  topic: category
subject: Semana Nacional de la Ingeniería Nuclear y Energética y de las Ciencias Radiológicas (SENCER)
  topic: category
subject: Neutron transport theory
  topic: keywords
subject: spectral-nodal methods
  topic: keywords
subject: Computational neutronics
  topic: keywords
subject: linearly anisotropic scattering
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutron transport theory
  topic: subjects
subject: Numerical methods
  topic: subjects
subject: Discrete Ordinates
  topic: subjects
creator: Rafael Barbosa Libotte
creator: Hermes Alves Filho
creator: Fernando Carvalho da Silva
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Rafael Barbosa Libotte, Hermes Alves Filho, Fernando Carvalho da Silva https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-20
publication date: 2026-03-20
starting page: e3014
ending page: e3014
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.3014

Analysis of the principles of green chemistry in the radioiodination of metaiodobenzylguanidine compared to the principles already adopted for radiological protection
type: item
description: Environmental concerns have increasingly highlighted the importance of applying methodologies that prioritize safer waste treatments, the use of less toxic reagents, and milder synthesis conditions. In this context, radioiodinated metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) stands out as a key radiopharmaceutical used in diagnostic scintigraphy and therapy of neural crest-derived tumors, such as pheochromocytoma and neuroblastoma, as well as in assessing sympathetic neuronal integrity after cardiac events. Halogenation reactions that avoid toxic reagents and hazardous conditions are essential for producing safe pharmaceutical compounds. Radioiodination, a specific type of halogenation, plays a critical role in the synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals—radioactive compounds formulated for diagnosing and treating human diseases. A major challenge in the production of radioiodinated MIBG is aligning the process with the principles of green chemistry, emphasizing the use of harmless substances and minimizing their quantities, while also meeting stringent nuclear, radiological protection, and pharmaceutical regulations. However, green chemistry considerations are often neglected in this process. This study quantitatively assesses the application of green chemistry principles to existing radioiodination methods for MIBG. The degree of compliance with each principle was expressed as a percentage. Additionally, a qualitative analysis was conducted to explore the alignment between green chemistry and radiological protection principles. Green chemistry is guided by twelve principles: Prevention, Atom Economy, Less Hazardous Chemical Syntheses, Designing Safer Chemicals, Safer Solvents and Auxiliaries, Energy Efficiency, Renewable Feedstocks, Reducing Derivatives, Catalysis, Design for Degradation, Real-Time Analysis for Pollution Prevention, and Inherently Safer Chemistry for Accident Prevention. This work examines how each principle applies to MIBG radioiodination, with some aspects also dis…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: International Joint Conference Radio (RADIO)
  topic: category
subject: green chemistry
  topic: keywords
subject: radiological protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Radioiodination
  topic: keywords
subject: Metaiodobenzylguanidine
  topic: keywords
creator: Antonio Pedro Junior
creator: Eliene Bezerra Simão da Silva
creator: Francisco José de Oliveira Ferreira
creator: Rogerio Chaffin Nunes
creator: Karine Rocha Ramos da Silva
creator: Larissa Cunha Pinheiro
creator: Fellipe Souza da Silva
creator: Luciano Moreira Lima
creator: Adriana Marques
creator: Cintia Andrade Custódio
creator: Luciana Carvalheira
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Antonio Pedro Junior, Eliene Bezerra Simão da Silva, Francisco José de Oliveira Ferreira, Rogerio Chaffin Nunes, Karine Rocha Ramos da Silva, Larissa Cunha Pinheiro, Fellipe Souza da Silva, Luciano Moreira Lima, Adriana Marques, Cintia Andrade Custódio, Luciana Carvalheira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-02
publication date: 2026-01-02
starting page: e2964
ending page: e2964
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2964

Application of Feedforward Neural Networks for Virtual Sensor Implementation in Nuclear Reactors
type: item
description: This study builds on a line of research developed at the Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), focused on the use of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) to provide sensor redundancy in nuclear reactors. The proposed methodology consists of training a Feedforward Neural Network (FFNN) to estimate the value of one reactor variable based on measurements from other variables. The feasibility was demonstrated using data from IPEN’s nuclear research reactor and a scaled model. While previous works relied on data from a single operating cycle of the reactor, this study tested network performance using data from multiple cycles to assess accuracy and generalization, and to identify deficiencies in the method. One fault-free cycle was selected for training and validation, while five others were used for testing, featuring different events. Three temperature variables, three radiation variables, one power measurement, and one safety rod position were chosen as output sensors for the ANNs to estimate. Performance was evaluated using the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). All ANNs performed well during training. However, only two temperature variables were estimated across all the test cycles with similar accuracy as in the training and validation process, with MAPE values below 3%. Other ANNs performed poorly, with instances of persistent offsets or failure to track the general shape of the measured signals. The results underscore the challenges posed by strong input-output correlations and the difficulty in capturing the full complexity of functional relationships within reactor variables.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: nuclear reactor
  topic: keywords
subject: sensor redundancy
  topic: keywords
subject: sensor failure
  topic: keywords
subject: artificial neural network
  topic: keywords
subject: nuclear energy
  topic: subjects
subject: Nuclear Safety
  topic: subjects
subject: Artificial Intelligence
  topic: subjects
subject: Sensor Redundancy
  topic: subjects
subject: Artificial Neural Network
  topic: subjects
creator: Frederico Emidio Wu
creator: Thadeu das Neves Conti
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Frederico Emidio Wu, Thadeu das Neves Conti https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-13
publication date: 2026-03-13
starting page: e2993
ending page: e2993
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2993

Committed Effective Dose by Ingestion Food Grown in PEPB
type: item
description: Radionuclides can be incorporated through ingestion and within the human body, they become a source of internal exposure. Therefore, identifying and quantifying the radionuclides present in food is an important step in environmental monitoring and radiological protection. From this perspective, the activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra, 228Ra and 228Th were calculated for six organic crop samples: avocado, cabbage, carrot, persimmon, pineapple and onion, from the PEPB (stands for Pedra Branca State Park), Conservation Unit. Radionuclide analysis was conducted using gamma spectrometry with the use of a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector in conjunction with the Genie 2000 software package. The activity concentrations of the radionuclides were calculated based on simulated detection efficiencies. The highest activity concentration of 40K was obtained for the carrot (101.83 ± 15.47) Bq.kg-1, and the highest effective dose value, 1.64 µSv.year-1, was obtained for avocado. The concentration of 226Ra activity was below the minimum detectable activity in all samples. Concentrations of 228Ra were only detected in cabbage and carrots. Activity concentrations of 228Th were detected in all samples, although at low levels. Estimated ingestion doses are within the limits established by the ICRP 119. Thus, the consumption of these organic foods grown in the PEPB is radiologically safe.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: gamma spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: committed effective dose
  topic: keywords
subject: organic crop
  topic: keywords
subject: Pedra Branca State Park
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamma spectrometry
  topic: subjects
creator: Nadia Rodrigues dos Santos
creator: Alessandro Mariano Domingues
creator: Izabella Soares de Souza
creator: Carlos Omar Pastrana Orejuela
creator: Rosa Jimenez Bermudez
creator: Ademir Xavier da Silva
creator: Edmilson Monteiro de Souza
creator: Inayá Corrêa Barbosa Lima
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Nadia Rodrigues dos Santos, Alessandro Mariano Domingues, Izabella Soares de Souza, Carlos Omar Pastrana Orejuela, Rosa Jimenez Bermudez, Ademir Xavier da Silva, Edmilson Monteiro de Souza, Inayá Corrêa Barbosa Lima https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-03-06
publication date: 2026-03-06
starting page: e2757
ending page: e2757
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2757

Influence of dose rate on radiotherapy treatment of the U87MG cell line through cell viability
type: item
description: Glioblastoma multiforme is a tumor that affects glial cells and is common in humans, being the most aggressive of gliomas. Patients, after diagnosis, have an average survival of just over a year, even when undergoing standard treatment. Given the low estimated survival of patients with this type of tumor, the objective of the study is to investigate the contribution of dose rate in radiotherapeutic treatment using a human glioblastoma cell line called U87MG, through the MTT (brometo de 3-[4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-il]-2,5-difenil tetrazólio) cell viability assay. Three dose rates were tested, including 400 cGy/min which is used clinically in patients, as well as 1.400 and 3.300 cGy/min from a clinical linear accelerator. Sterile culture plates with U87MG cells were irradiated, then, manipulated in the laboratory for the execution of the cell viability assay. The irradiated plates showed lower cell viability than the non-irradiated group, but there was no significant difference in viability among the different tested dose rates.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Glioblastoma multiforme
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: cell line
  topic: keywords
subject: U87MG
  topic: keywords
subject: dose rates
  topic: keywords
subject: cell viability
  topic: keywords
subject: MTT
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiotherapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Glioblastoma multiforme
  topic: subjects
subject: cell line
  topic: subjects
creator: Arthur M. Rocha
creator: Ruy Rayol Neto
creator: Déborah Assis de Almeida Carneiro
creator: Delano Valdivino S. Batista
creator: Luiz Antonio Ribeiro da Rosa
creator: Mariana Paranhos Stelling
creator: Simone Coutinho Cardoso
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Arthur Rocha, Ruy Rayol Neto, Debora Assis Carneiro, Delano Valdivino Batista, Luiz Antonio Ribeiro da Rosa, Mariana Paranhos Stelling, Simone Coutinho Cardoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-08
publication date: 2025-12-08
starting page: e2621
ending page: e2621
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2621

Re-characterization of pneumatic station position for short irradiations of IEA-R1 reactor for use in k0-method
type: item
description: This work presents the re-characterization of pneumatic station irradiation position of IEA-R1 reactor for use in k0-INAA method. The thermal-epithermal neutron flux ratio f and the epithermal neutron flux distribution factor α of the IPEN IEA-R1 reactor were determined at the pneumatic irradiation station. To obtain these values, the “bare triple monitor” method was used with 198Au –97Zr – 95Zr. To evaluate its reproducibility, the temporal variation of these parameters was analyzed, with validation carried out through irradiation of reference materials of geological origin G-S-N (granite) and biological INCT-MPH-2 (mix of herbs). The results obtained for f and α show that such values ​​are reproducible and compatible with each other, according to the normal Gaussian distribution for up to 1 standard deviation of confidence. The results obtained for the elements detected in the samples agree with the recommended values, with relative errors (bias) less than 10%, except in the case of Mn in G-S-N (16.3%). These results indicate that it is possible to routinely use this method for LAN-IPEN researchers to analyze geological and biological samples.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: k0-INAA
  topic: keywords
subject: neutron activation method
  topic: keywords
subject: neutron flux
  topic: keywords
subject: k0 -INAA, neutron activation method, neutron flux.
  topic: subjects
creator: João Pedro Oliveira Flores
creator: Renato Semmler
creator: Marina F. Koskinas
creator: Denise Simões Moreira
creator: Ione Makiko Yamazaki
creator: Paulo Sérgio Cardoso da Silva
creator: Vera Akiko Maihara
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 João Pedro Oliveira Flores, Renato Semmler, Marina F. Koskinas, Denise Simões Moreira, Ione Makiko Yamazaki, Paulo Sérgio Cardoso da Silva, Vera Akiko Maihara https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-27
publication date: 2026-02-27
starting page: e2701
ending page: e2701
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2701

Evaluation of Public Exposure to Gamma Radiation in Cotonou, Southern Benin
type: item
description: The objective of this study is to assess public exposure to natural background gamma radiation in Cotonou, southern Benin, in West Africa. This is a cross-sectional study with both descriptive and analytical aims, conducted from July to December 2024. The methodology involved continuous, georeferenced measurement of the ambient gamma dose rate at a height of one meter (1 m) above ground level using a spectrometer. The study sites included city streets and selected markets, including Dantokpa, an open-air market, and eight indoor markets. A total of 341,991 data points were recorded along the streets and 16,202 were recorded within the markets. The ambient gamma dose equivalent rate along the streets ranged from 4.67 to 136.84 nSv·h– 1, with an average of 25.11 ± 12.72 nSv·h– 1. The highest average rate was observed in District 5, which hosts a cement manufacturing plant. The average dose rates were 23.71 ± 12.90 nSv·h– 1 at the Dantokpa market and 69.72 ± 21.96 nSv·h– 1 in the indoor markets. In the latter, the dose rates were higher than those recorded in their respective districts. The estimated external annual effective doses were 0.04 ± 0.02 mSv for streets, 0.10 ± 0.06 mSv for Dantokpa, and 0.30 ± 0.09 mSv for indoor markets. These values remain below the worldwide average of 0.87 mSv, as recognized by the United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation for public exposure to natural radiation of terrestrial and cosmic origin. Overall, ambient gamma radiation exposure in Cotonou is low, though higher in enclosed market environments. These values may serve as baseline references for future studies in Cotonou and other African cities.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: gamma radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: georeferenced measurement
  topic: keywords
subject: ambient dose equivalent rate
  topic: keywords
subject: public radiation protection
  topic: keywords
subject: ambient dose equivalent rate
  topic: subjects
subject: gamma radiation
  topic: subjects
subject: georeferenced measurement
  topic: subjects
subject: public radiation protection
  topic: subjects
creator: Gilles David Houndetoungan
creator: Olatoundé Herbert Fachinan
creator: Mahougnon Boniface Zinsou
creator: Sonia Bignon Mahussi Gwladys Adjadohoun
creator: Gibril Abogbo
creator: Bonaventure Awede
creator: Martial Zoungrana
creator: Kuassi Marcellin Amoussou-Guenou
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Dr Gilles David Houndetoungan, Dr Olatoundé Herbert Fachinan, Dr Mahougnon Boniface Zinsou, Dr Sonia Mahussi Gwladys Adjadohoun, Dr Gibril Abogbo, Dr Bonaventure Awede, Dr Martial Zoungrana, Dr Kuassi Marcellin Amoussou-Guenou https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-19
publication date: 2025-12-19
starting page: e2972
ending page: e2972
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2972

ApplyApplying Deep Learning in gamma-spectroscopy for radionuclide identificationng Deep-learning in gamma-spectroscopy for radionuclide identification
type: item
description: This study presents the results of using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network model on gamma spectrum classification for radioactive waste management. The approach uses a modified version of the VGG-19 architecture, originally developed for image recognition with 1000 mutually exclusive classes. The modified VGG-19 architecture uses a gamma spectrum as input and classifies, on a nonexclusive basis, ten classes representing the ten most common radionuclides at IPEN's Radioactive Waste Management Department (Am-241, Ba-133, Cd-109, Co-57, Co-60, Cs-137, Eu-152, Mn-54, Na-22, Pb-210). Gamma spectra were generated using Monte Carlo simulations created with PENELOPE/PenEasy, simulating an HPGe detector with sources inside a steel drum filled with paper, representing the common content of the drums managed at IPEN's Radioactive Waste Management Department. The data set was augmented by mixing these simulated spectra into new spectra containing up to four radionuclides. Several distances from the detector to the drum (41 cm, 46 cm, 51 cm, and 56 cm) were used to create a representative data set. The data from 56 cm (originally 150 spectra after the argumentation process, 375 spectra) was used for validation. After 250 training epochs, the model achieved consistent performance in the training set, demonstrating the efficiency of the method.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Deep learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Nuclide identification
  topic: keywords
subject: Automated Isotope Identification
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamma Spectroscopy
  topic: keywords
subject: Transfer Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Monte Carlo Simulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Automated Isotope Identification
  topic: subjects
subject: Deep Learning
  topic: subjects
subject: Monte Carlo Simulation
  topic: subjects
creator: André Gomes Lamas Otero
creator: Ademar José Potiens Júnior
creator: Julio Takehiro Marumo
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 André Gomes Lamas Otero, Ademar José Potiens Júnior, Julio Takehiro Marumo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-26
publication date: 2025-12-26
starting page: e2945
ending page: e2945
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2945

Analysis of TG-43 dosimetric parameters for an Ir-192 HDR brachytherapy source using with the Geant4 toolkit
type: item
description: This study evaluated the dosimetric parameters of the Buchler G089 192Ir high-dose-rate brachytherapy source using the TG-43 formalism and Monte Carlo simulations with the Geant4 toolkit. The radial dose function and the anisotropy function were obtained for this source. For the radial dose function, a small discrepancy could be observed for larger radii. The dose rate constant (Λ) was also calculated in this study (1.114 cGy·h⁻¹·U⁻¹) showing a maximum relative difference of 0.45% when compared with reference values (1.119 and 1.115 cGy·h⁻¹·U⁻¹). The absorbed doses were obtained by positioning the source in the lowest voxel of the ICRP male phantom prostate and benchmarked against previous studies. For comparison criteria, the Amersham 6711-Oncoseed 125I source was also modeled and inserted in the same position of the prostate. Additionally, the dose enhancement effect due to the presence of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) was analyzed for the ¹⁹²Ir source, considering a homogeneous concentration of 30 mg·g⁻¹ in a tumor region simulated in the peripheral zone of the prostate. An approximately 18.5% increase in the absorbed dose was observed in this region, in agreement with results from previous studies.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Geant4
  topic: keywords
subject: Ir-192 source
  topic: keywords
subject: Brachytherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: TG-43
  topic: keywords
subject: formalism
  topic: keywords
subject: brachytherapy
  topic: subjects
subject: Ir-192
  topic: subjects
subject: Geant4
  topic: subjects
creator: Alice Albuquerque
creator: Luiz Antônio Ribeiro da Rosa
creator: Denison Souza-Santos
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Alice Albuquerque, Dr. Luiz Antônio Ribeiro da Rosa, Dr. Denison S. Santos https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-12
publication date: 2025-12-12
starting page: e2974
ending page: e2974
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2974

Development of a semi-analytical nodal methodology for one-dimensional eigenvalue problems based on multigroup neutron transport theory using the discrete ordinate formulation
type: item
description: A semi-analytical nodal methodology is described in this paper for obtaining the numerical solution of eigenvalue problems based on neutron transport theory, in slab geometry, with isotropic scattering, using the discrete ordinates and multigroup energy formulation. This new approach applies a quadratic polynomial approximation only to the fission term in the transport equation, which justifies the method being classified as semi-analytical. The numerical solution is obtained through two interconnected iterative processes: the outer iterative process, which uses the power method to obtain successive estimates for the fission source and the effective multiplication factor (<!-- [if gte msEquation 12]><m:oMath><m:sSub><m:sSubPr><m:ctrlPr></m:ctrlPr></m:sSubPr><m:e><m:r>k</m:r></m:e><m:sub><m:r>eff</m:r></m:sub></m:sSub></m:oMath><![endif]--> <span style="font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 107%; font-family: 'Calibri',sans-serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; position: relative; top: 4.0pt; mso-text-raise: -4.0pt; mso-ansi-language: PT-BR; mso-fareast-language: PT-BR; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA;"> ), and the internal iterative process, which aims to obtain successive estimates of the angular neutron fluxes emerging from the homogeneous regions throughout the spatial domain. Once the eigenvalues are calculated, for each outer power iteration, the angular fluxes of neutrons emerging at the node faces and in the sweeping direction of the internal iterative process are estimated. These are incoming fluxes at the faces of adjacent nodes, which ensures the continuity of the numerical solution. Computational algorithms were implemented in MATLAB. Numerical results for a typical benchmark problem considering an ADS, c.f., Accelerator-Driven Subcritical Reactor, type model are provided to …
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Physics and Thermal Hydraulics (ENFIR)
  topic: category
subject: Semana Nacional de la Ingeniería Nuclear y Energética y de las Ciencias Radiológicas (SENCER)
  topic: category
subject: Neutron transport equation
  topic: keywords
subject: Multigroup energy formulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Nodal methodology
  topic: keywords
subject: Quadratic approximation
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutron transport equation, Multigroup energy formulation, Nodal methodology
  topic: subjects
creator: Natália Rocha Pinheiro
creator: Francisco Bruno Souza Oliveira
creator: Hermes Alves Filho
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Natália Rocha Pinheiro, Francisco Bruno Souza Oliveira, Hermes Alves Filho https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-10-03
publication date: 2025-10-03
starting page: e2940
ending page: e2940
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2940

Electronic Brachytherapy: A Calibration Protocol in Terms of Absorbed Dose to Water"
type: item
description: New radiotherapy techniques have been innovative in recent decades with the aim of maximizing the dose to tumor tissue and reducing the dose to healthy tissue. One of the modalities that has gained prominence, using low-energy beams, is intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT), as it is a method based on high radiation doses (10–20 Gy) administered to the tumor bed immediately after surgical excision. IORT can be achieved through treatment with low-energy X-ray beams with some devices available on the market. However, such devices provide little dosimetric information and lack a calibration protocol. According to the recently updated recommendations of the TRS 398 standard (2024), for the use of low-energy beams, the ideal is to use a parallel plate ionization chamber calibrated in terms of absorbed dose in water. Based on TRS 398, this work established a calibration protocol for parallel plate dosimeters in terms of absorbed dose in water at the Center for Ionizing Radiation Metrology (CEMRI) of the Institute for Energy and Nuclear Research (IPEN).
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: intraoperative radiotherapy
  topic: keywords
subject: absorbed dose in water
  topic: keywords
subject: dosimeter calibration
  topic: keywords
subject: Ionizing Radiation Metrology
  topic: keywords
subject: intraoperative radiotherapy, radiation metrology, dosimeter calibration
  topic: subjects
creator: Fábio Sabará Dias
creator: Orlando Rodrigues Jr
creator: Maria da Penha Albuquerque Potiens
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Fábio Dias, Orlando Rodrigues Jr, Maria da Penha Albuquerque Potiens https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-02-06
publication date: 2026-02-06
starting page: e2992
ending page: e2992
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2992

Comparative Study of Thermal Neutron Flux from Gold Foil Activation.
type: item
description: This study presents a comparative analysis between Monte Carlo simulations (MCNP-5) and experimental measurements of thermal neutron fluence using gold foil activation at the TNF2 irradiation facility of the Neutron Metrology Laboratory (LNMRI/IRD). The MCNP-5 model was constructed to replicate the irradiator geometry and source configuration. Gold foils, both bare and cadmium-covered, were irradiated and analyzed via gamma spectrometry to determine the induced activity of 198Au. The results of the calculated nuclear reaction rates were compared to the measured activities through C/E (Calculated/Experimental) analysis. The findings show consistent agreement within experimental uncertainty, supporting the accuracy of the MCNP model and reinforcing the role of TNF2 in the national and international metrological infrastructure for neutron dosimetry. Future developments will include improvements in flux mapping and personal dosimetry applications.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Thermal Neutron Fluence
  topic: keywords
subject: Gold Foil Activation
  topic: keywords
subject: MCNP-5
  topic: keywords
subject: Gamma Spectrometry
  topic: keywords
subject: Neutron Dosimetry
  topic: keywords
subject: Metrology
  topic: keywords
subject: TNF2
  topic: keywords
subject: C/E Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: The activation of gold foil through thermal neutron bombardment
  topic: subjects
creator: Watila Lins Silva
creator: Max Santos Ramos
creator: Regio Santos Gomes
creator: Achiles Astuto
creator: Walsan Wagner Pereira
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Watila Lins Silva, Max Ramos, Regio Santos Gomes, Achiles Astuto, Walsan Wagner Pereira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-30
publication date: 2026-01-30
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2712

Pathological Studies in Uteruses by X-ray Microtomography
type: item
description: X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) is an advanced technique for evaluating materials that uses the principle of X-ray attenuation to form high-resolution two- and three-dimensional images. This technique allows detailed visualization of the microstructures of biological samples through the digital combination of hundreds of cross-sections. As a non-destructive technique, microCT requires minimal sample preparation and does not cause damage to the analyzed material. This work aims to use microCT to obtain high-resolution images of the ex-vivo uterus, demonstrating the possibility of visualizing microstructures, detailing tissues and contributing to the anatomical and pathological study of these organs. The research also highlights the relevance and usefulness of microCT as a modern and effective technique for the non-destructive analysis of biological samples, emphasizing its potential in several areas of science and medicine. In addition, it seeks to validate microCT as an essential tool for medical research, providing a deeper understanding of the internal structures of organs and their possible pathologies.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: microct
  topic: keywords
subject: x-rays
  topic: keywords
subject: radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: microtomography
  topic: keywords
subject: computerized microtomography
  topic: subjects
subject: X-ray
  topic: subjects
creator: Larissa M. Gonçalves
creator: Olga M. O. Araujo
creator: Alessandra S. Machado
creator: Pedro Castro
creator: Ricardo T. Lopes
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Larissa M. Gonçalves, Olga M. O. Araujo, Alessandra S. Machado, Pedro Castro, Ricardo T. Lopes https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-16
publication date: 2026-01-16
starting page: e2608
ending page: e2608
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2608

Development of Spheroid in Co-Culture of Prostate Tumor with Human Fibroblast, using the Hanging Drop Technique with Plate Inversion for Analysis of GammaCell220 Irradiation in Co-60
type: item
description: The development of tumor spheroids in co-culture with human fibroblasts represents an innovative approach to modeling the prostate cancer microenvironment and assessing radiation effects. In this study, we employed the "hanging drop" technique in conjunction with plate inversion to generate three-dimensional spheroids composed of prostate tumor cells (LNCAP cell line) co-cultivated with human fibroblasts. This approach aims to create a more representative in vivo-like tumor environment, facilitating a detailed analysis of the interactions between tumor cells and fibroblasts in 3D conditions. The formed spheroids were exposed to gamma radiation using a GammaCell 220 irradiator with Co-60, with the goal of investigating the effects of radiation on both fibroblastic and tumor cells. Gamma radiation is known to induce cell death, and this study examines how such damage impacts cellular morphology within the spheroid microenvironment.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Hanging Drop
  topic: keywords
subject: LNCaP
  topic: keywords
subject: GammaCell Co-60
  topic: keywords
subject: Gota Suspensa
  topic: subjects
subject: Irradiador Gamma
  topic: subjects
subject: Câncer de próstata
  topic: subjects
creator: Thais Monteiro
creator: Alex Alves Rodrigues
creator: Giovana Dias da Silva
creator: Esther Carolina dos Santos
creator: Patricia Lima Falcão
creator: Suleyna Ribeiro Prudente
creator: Mayelle Maria Paz
creator: Daniel Perez Vieira
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Thais Monteiro, Alex Alves Rodrigues, Giovana Dias da Silva, Esther Carolina dos Santos, Patricia Lima Falcão, Suleyna Ribeiro Prudente, Mayelle Maria Paz, Daniel Perez Vieira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-23
publication date: 2026-01-23
starting page: e2682
ending page: e2682
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2682

Estudio retrospectivo de la exposición a las radiaciones ionizantes durante procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista realizados en el Centro Cardiovascular Universitario del Uruguay
type: item
description: El número de procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista ha aumentado rápidamente durante las últimas décadas. Los procedimientos de fluoroscopía con rayos X, como la angiografía coronaria y la angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea, se consideran la mayor fuente de exposición médica ocupacional, ya sea para pacientes u operadores, causando efectos nocivos para la salud. En este sentido, se han desarrollado diversas modificaciones en los procedimientos clásicos de cardiología intervencionista así como la incorporación de protocolos de protección radiológica para reducir la exposición a la radiación. Para conocer adecuadamente el éxito en la aplicación de estos cambios se deben establecer los valores de referencia de exposición a la radiación para diferentes procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista. Para ello se realizó un estudio retrospectivo, transversal y descriptivo en el Centro Cardiovascular Universitario de la Facultad de Medicina (Universidad de la República) del Uruguay entre 2018 y 2020, con el objetivo de conocer la frecuencia de procedimientos realizados, así como el promedio de la dosis de radiación administrada, el tiempo de fluoroscopia y el producto Kerma-rea para cada procedimiento intervencionista. El procedimiento de angioplastia urgente fue el procedimiento intervencionista realizado con más frecuencia y produjo el mayor nivel de exposición de los trabajadores y pacientes a la radiación ocupacional. Se establecieron por primera vez en Uruguay niveles de referencia para los tres procedimientos de cardiología intervencionista más frecuentes utilizando el tercer cuartil de los parámetros de exposición a la radiación empleados (Dosis total administrada, producto Kerma-área y tiempo de fluoroscopia). Los valores de referencia obtenidos coincidieron con los encontrados a nivel internacional.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: International Radiation Protection Association (IRPA)
  topic: category
subject: cardiología intervencionista
  topic: keywords
subject: angioplastia coronaria transluminal percutánea
  topic: keywords
subject: angioplastia urgente
  topic: keywords
subject: angioplastia diferida
  topic: keywords
subject: cineangiocoronariografía
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiation Protection
  topic: subjects
subject: Interventional Cardiology
  topic: subjects
creator: Rafael Mila
creator: Fredy Hernandez
creator: Jaime J. Cordon
creator: Ariel Duran
creator: Wilner Martínez-López
rights: Derechos de autor 2026 Rafael Mila, Fredy Hernandez, Jaime J. Cordon, Ariel Duran, Wilner Martínez-López https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2026-01-09
publication date: 2026-01-09
starting page: e2277
ending page: e2277
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2026.2277

Study for the Development of a Biosensor Aimed at the Interaction-Response of Chemical War Agents and Ionizing Radiation
type: item
description: It has long been known that the nuclear sector is a potential branch capable of solving major obstacles relevant to modern society with regard to energy demands. The technology in this sphere is associated with various possibilities, including areas that require multidisciplinary expertise for their respective advancements, such as medical sciences, security and defense, national autonomy and sovereignty, energy generation, food technology, among others. With the development of nanostructured technologies, highly sensitive, accessible, and easy to handle, it is possible to introduce new alternatives to reduce the “gap” between these possibilities within the sector, making the nuclear area more visible to new researchers due to the potential for new research to be developed. With the prospect of innovation for the sector and with increasing technological input, a special look at instrumental and measurement issues is necessary, since it is also necessary to ensure the quality of nuclear technology for the development of any system focused on this theme. This research presents a combination of different areas, highlighting the multidisciplinarity of construction, aiming to obtain the necessary support for the creation of a device capable of interacting with systems that represent chemical and radiological-nuclear threats. As it is a biosensor, it presents a biological interface sensitive to chemical warfare agents (organophosphates), neurotoxins and undergoes a process analogous to radiolysis, it is the means by which it is possible to associate electronics to the system, being capable of transducing information from one form of energy to another, making it possible to quantify and obtain relevant and proportional information about the exposure of this system created. For the in silico study carried out, the energy fluctuations for both the chemical simulations and the MCNP simulations were guiding the verification process, since the lower the energy value, the strong…
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Innovation
  topic: keywords
subject: Biotechnology
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiations
  topic: keywords
subject: Chemical Warfare
  topic: keywords
subject: Biosensor
  topic: keywords
subject: Inovações
  topic: subjects
subject: Biotecnologia
  topic: subjects
subject: Radiações Ionizantes
  topic: subjects
subject: Guerra Química
  topic: subjects
creator: João Nilton da Conceição Bandeira
creator: Fabiane Modenese Garbim
creator: Joyce Sobreiro Francisco Diz de Almeida
creator: Álvaro José Boareto Mendes
creator: Fernando Manuel Araújo Moreira
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 João Nilton da Conceição Bandeira, Fabiane Modenese Garbim, Joyce Sobreiro Francisco Diz De Almeida, Álvaro José Boareto Mendes, Fernando Manuel Araújo Moreira https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: e2713
ending page: e2713
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2713

Evaluation of the antioxidant, cytotoxic and radioprotective potencial of the lectin WSMoL from Moringa oleífera Lam. seeds
type: item
description: WSMoL (water-soluble lectin from the seeds of Moringa oleifera Lam.) is widely known for its biological properties, especially for its inflammatory, immunomodulatory and antitumor activity and is a promising candidate for a radioprotector of natural origin. Aim of the study: This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic potential and the radioprotective effect of WSMoL in human lymphocyte culture (PBMC). The concentrations analyzed were 850, 425, 212.5, 106.25 and 53.12µg/mL. Materials and methods: Antioxidant activity was tested using the DPPH and ABTS assays. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were assessed using the MTT assay on PBMC lymphocytes. Radioprotection was verified by the Alkaline Comet and Micronucleus with Blockage of Cell Cytokinesis assays after exposure to Cobalt-60 gamma radiation. Results: In the DPPH test, WSMoL was unable to capture the radical. In the ABTS test, the inhibition index (I%) was ≤10% and the IC50 was 71.42 g/L. The MTT test showed that the lectin was not cytotoxic and cell viability was over 79%, with a maximum (≤125%) at a concentration of 53.12 µg/mL. In the Alkaline Comet test, the Damage Index (DI) observed was high at concentrations of 850 and 53.12 µg/mL (≥170 ± 30). The Damage Frequency (y) observed through the Micronucleus assay was 0.260 for the two concentrations analyzed, similar to the y of the irradiated control group. Conclusion: WSMoL did not show significant antioxidant activity in the DPPH and ABTS tests. The lectin did not show a cytotoxic profile, and its use at a concentration of 53.12µg/mL is recommended. WSMoL showed no radioprotective capacity after exposure to gamma radiation at a dose of 2.5Gy.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Lectin
  topic: keywords
subject: WSMoL
  topic: keywords
subject: Radioprotector
  topic: keywords
subject: Radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: Lectin
  topic: subjects
subject: WSMoL
  topic: subjects
subject: Radioprotector
  topic: subjects
subject: Radiation
  topic: subjects
creator: Osana Diniz Ferreira
creator: Andreza Lima Lourenço da Silva
creator: Karine Lafaiete De Carvalho
creator: Thaynara Maria Arantes
creator: Vinícius Henrique Teixeira Morais
creator: Dewson Rocha Dewson Rocha Pereira
creator: Thiago Henrique Napoleão
creator: Mércia Liane Oliveira
creator: Ana Maria Mendonça de Melo
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Osana Diniz Ferreira, Andreza Lima Lourenço da Silva, Karine Lafaiete De Carvalho, Thaynara Maria Arantes, Vinícius Henrique Teixeira Morais, Dewson Rocha Dewson Rocha Pereira, Thiago Henrique Napoleão, Mércia Liane de Oliveira, Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-29
publication date: 2025-12-29
starting page: e2697
ending page: e2697
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2697

Tissue Reactions (Deterministic Effects) in Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology: An Integrative Review of Recent Literature
type: item
description: Ninety-eight percent of the global average individual dose delivered by artificial sources of ionizing radiation results from their use in medical applications, especially for diagnostic and interventional purposes. Although the benefits of radiation in medicine are widely recognized, exposure to this agent can cause harmful effects on the health of exposed individuals. Radiation applications for diagnostic purposes are generally associated with low doses, but interventional procedures may involve much higher doses. In the 2000s and 2010s, several publications described tissue reactions in patients and professionals exposed during interventional radiological procedures. This work aimed to review the literature on the most recent reports (last decade) on the occurrence of tissue reactions after diagnostic or interventional radiological procedures. The PubMed search tool was used to search and select publications on the topic. Although 826 articles were initially selected, only 5 presented relevant content for this review. The low number of articles in the final selection may be a result of the methodology we used or an actual reduction in the number of individuals presenting these effects in more recent years, due to the growing concerns about radiological protection in these practices. Among the articles analyzed, there were reports of skin lesions, as well as thinning or hair loss in patients exposed to doses (cumulative air kerma at the reference point) above 3.5 Gy. However, these reactions are rare and do not appear in most patients, even among those who received higher doses. An increased frequency of lens opacities (cataracts) has also been reported in occupationally exposed professionals. An adequate assessment of the occurrence of these effects is essential to try to understand their causes and minimize the frequency or consequences of their occurrence. Carrying out research like this can help with this task.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: tissue reaction
  topic: keywords
subject: deterministic effects
  topic: keywords
subject: ionizing radiation
  topic: keywords
subject: tissue reaction
  topic: subjects
subject: interventional radiology
  topic: subjects
subject: deterministic effects
  topic: subjects
creator: Laisa Neves
creator: Lucía Canevaro Lucía Viviana Canevaro
creator: Ana Dovales Ana Cristina Murta Dovales
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Laisa Neves, Lucía Canevaro Lucía Viviana Canevaro, Ana Dovales Ana Cristina Murta Dovales https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-05-09
publication date: 2025-05-09
starting page: e2802
ending page: e2802
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2802

Human biomonitoring in residents of a NORM area using the comet assay, Pernambuco-Brazil
type: item
description: Geological research has found areas of uraniferous phosphorite in northeastern Brazil. This region is located along the coast of the states of Paraíba and Pernambuco, Brazil. Its distribution in Pernambuco is located in the Metropolitan Region of Recife/Região Metropolitana do Recife (RMR), covering the municipalities of Abreu e Lima and Olinda. Studies have been carried out in these municipalities, verifying the presence of Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) in different matrices: soil, groundwater, air and fruit. Given these facts, the need arose to carry out human biomonitoring (HBM) in residents of these municipalities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess possible DNA damage in the residents of Olinda and Abreu e Lima by means of the comet assay using lymphocytes. The results showed high levels 3 and 4 damage to the DNA of the volunteers in the sample group who are under the influence of NORM, demonstrating a statistically significant difference in the damage index when compared to the control group. It is suggested that the genotoxic results found may be related to the NORM present in the municipality of Abreu e Lima, thus influencing the health of its residents. The research is relevant because it is a pioneer in the generation of scientific knowledge in the area of the study of uraniferous phosphorite using HBM.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Biomonitoring human
  topic: keywords
subject: Lymphocytes
  topic: keywords
subject: DNA
  topic: keywords
subject: Comet assay
  topic: keywords
subject: Linfócitos
  topic: subjects
creator: Vinícius Henrique Teixeira Morais
creator: Dewson Rocha Pereira
creator: João Emanuel Firmo Pinto
creator: Osana Diniz Ferreira
creator: Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Vinícius Henrique Teixeira Morais, Dewson Rocha Pereira, João Emanuel Firmo Pinto, Osana Diniz Ferreira, Ana Maria Mendonça de Albuquerque Melo https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: e2693
ending page: e2693
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2693

Evaluaciones de los posibles efectos mutagénicos y genotóxicos de los 2-ACBs: subproductos generados a partir de alimentos irradiados
type: item
description: Este estudio investiga los posibles efectos mutagénicos y genotóxicos de los subproductos 2-Alquilciclobutanonas (2-ACBs), formados en alimentos irradiados. Las 2-ACBs son compuestos derivados de la irradiación de alimentos que contienen grasa, con reconocido potencial genotóxico. La investigación se centró en los compuestos 2-dodecilciclobutanona (2-dDCB) y 2-tetradecilciclobutanona (2-tDCB), evaluando su mutagenicidad mediante el ensayo de micronúcleos en líneas celulares hepáticas (HepG2, BRL3A y HTC) y genotoxicidad a través del ensayo de Ames utilizando cinco cepas bacterianas (TA-98, TA-100, TA-1535, TA-1537 y WP2uvrA). Los resultados del ensayo de Ames indicaron que 2-dDCB y 2-tDCB no aumentaron significativamente las tasas de reversión mutagénica, mientras que los ensayos de micronúcleos mostraron ausencia de daños genotóxicos en las líneas celulares analizadas. Se concluye que, en las concentraciones evaluadas, los compuestos 2-dDCB y 2-tDCB no presentan potencial mutagénico ni genotóxico, lo que corrobora la seguridad de los alimentos irradiados. No obstante, se recomienda la realización de investigaciones adicionales para evaluar los efectos a largo plazo y bajo diferentes condiciones de irradiación
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: The Meeting on Nuclear Applications (ENAN)
  topic: category
subject: Alimento Irradiado, 2-Alquilciclobutanonas (2-ACBs), 2-Dodecilciclobutanonas (2-dDCBs), 2-Tetradecilciclobutanonas (2-tDCBs), Prueba de Ames, Ensayo de Micronúcleos.
  topic: keywords
subject: Ames Test
  topic: subjects
subject: Micronucleus Assay
  topic: subjects
creator: Angélica Bueno Barbezan
creator: Ana Carolina de Araújo Bispo
creator: Bruno Melo Mendes
creator: Daniel Perez Vieira
creator: Luma Ramirez de Carvalho
creator: Glaucia Maria Santelli
creator: Anna Lúcia Casaas Haasis Villavicencio
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Angélica Bueno Barbezan, Ana Carolina de Araújo Bispo, Bruno Melo Mendes, Daniel Perez Vieira, Luma Ramirez de Carvalho, Glaucia Maria Machado-Santelli, Anna Lúcia Casaas Haasis Villavicencio https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-12-22
publication date: 2025-12-22
starting page: 2600
ending page: 2600
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2024.2600

Thermal-Hydraulic Analyzes of a Slow Loss of Flow Accident in the IEA-R1 nuclear reactor using RELAP and CFD Codes
type: item
description: Among the most critical accidents for the IEA-R1, there is the Loss of Flow Accident (LOFA) in which a sudden and abrupt stop of the primary pump causes the loss of flow. Traditionally, this kind of accident is analyzed by thermal-hydraulic system codes. However, they can overestimate the fluid and fuel temperature along the transient by up to 20%. Moreover, thermal-hydraulic system codes can face difficulties to capture three-dimension phenomenon, such as the natural convection. Meanwhile, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis has shown good results when analyzing open-pool research reactor accidents even dealing with flow inversion. This work presents a thermal-hydraulic analysis of a Slow Loss of Flow Accident (SLOFA) in the IEA-R1 using the RELAP5 code and the commercial CFD code Ansys CFX®. The objective is to combine the advantages of both approaches. The system code was used to find the transient boundary conditions for a CFD model. The CFD software solved the detailed flow pattern in a quarter of a fuel channel. The numerical results showed good agreement with the benchmark data. The peak temperatures were overestimated in only 1.8 °C in the fluid and 3 °C in the cladding.
subject: Original Articles
  topic: section
subject: CFD
  topic: keywords
subject: RELAP5
  topic: keywords
subject: IEA-R1
  topic: keywords
subject: Thermal-Hydr
  topic: keywords
subject: Termo-hidráulica
  topic: subjects
subject: RELAP
  topic: subjects
subject: CFD
  topic: subjects
creator: Franklin Cândido Costa
creator: Antônio Belchior Júnior
creator: Walmir Maximo Torres
creator: Pedro Esnesto Umbehaun
creator: Delvonei Alves D. Andrade
rights: Derechos de autor 2025 Franklin Cândido Costa, Antônio Belchior Júnior, Walmir Maximo Torres, Pedro Esnesto Umbehaun, Delvonei Alves D. Andrade https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
date: 2025-11-28
publication date: 2025-11-28
starting page: e2987
ending page: e2987
doi: 10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2987