Automated dose-effect calibration curve for X-rays using the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay

Fabio Andrés Chaves-Campos; Fernando Ortíz-Morales; Anthony Cordero-Ramírez; Julián Alonso Gómez-Castro; Jorge Ernesto González-Mesa

doi:10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2908

Autores/as

Fabio Andrés Chaves-Campos Health Research Institute, University of Costa Rica. School of Health Technologies, University of Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica. Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet). , Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3066-5495 (no autenticado)
Fernando Ortíz-Morales Health Research Institute, University of Costa Rica. San José, Costa Rica. Latin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet). , Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-6308 (no autenticado)
Anthony Cordero-Ramírez Radiotherapy Department. Hospital México. Costa Rican Social Security. Research Center in Materials Science and Engineering (CICIMA), University of Costa Rica, San José, Costa Rica , Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2220-1535 (no autenticado)
Julián Alonso Gómez-Castro Physics department, National University of Costa Rica., Heredia, Costa Rica. , Universidad de Costa Rica https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7319-5092 (no autenticado)
Jorge Ernesto González-Mesa Centro de Protección e Higiene de las Radiaciones (CPHR), Habana, Cuba. cLatin American Biological Dosimetry Network (LBDNet). , Centro de Proteccion e Higiene de la Radiociones https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7221-4604 (no autenticado)

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15392/2319-0612.2025.2908

Palabras clave:

biodosimetría, automatización, ensayo de micronúcleos, protección radiológica, biología de las radiaciones

Resumen

Este artículo presenta el desarrollo de una curva de calibración dosis–efecto para exposiciones a rayos X en el rango de 0 a 4 Gy utilizando el ensayo de micronúcleos con bloqueo de citocinesis y análisis automatizado, siendo el primer esfuerzo de este tipo reportado en América Latina. Este trabajo establece un referente regional para metodologías de alta capacidad en biodosimetría citogenética, destacando su potencial para mejorar la eficiencia operativa y reducir los tiempos de respuesta en emergencias radiológicas. Métodos: Se irradiaron muestras de sangre de seis donantes sanos con rayos X en siete niveles de dosis (0–4 Gy) utilizando un acelerador lineal de 6 MV calibrado. Se incluyeron dos muestras ciegas (1.5 y 3 Gy) para validación. El ensayo CBMN se realizó siguiendo los protocolos del OIEA; las láminas teñidas con DAPI se analizaron utilizando un microscopio automatizado AxioImager.Z2 integrado con el sistema Metafer4 de MetaSystems y el software clasificador MNScoreX. Para el ajuste del modelo se empleó una regresión binomial negativa (NB1), que considera la sobredispersión en la frecuencia de micronúcleos (MN). Resultados: El análisis automatizado de linfocitos binucleados mostró un aumento dependiente de la dosis en la frecuencia de MN. El modelo ajustado presentó una relación lineal–cuadrática: Y = 0.0545 + 0.0448·D + 0.0145·D², con todos los coeficientes estadísticamente significativos (p < 0.001). Las estimaciones de dosis para las muestras ciegas (1.5 y 3 Gy) coincidieron con las dosis reales dentro de los intervalos de confianza del 95%, y todos los puntajes z fueron < |3|. Conclusiones: La curva dosis respuesta sigue una función lineal–cuadrática, permitió una estimación precisa de las dosis en las muestras incógnitas, cumpliendo con los criterios de validación. Estos resultados destacan el valor de combinar microscopía automatizada con modelos estadísticos robustos para lograr evaluaciones de dosis confiables, especialmente como métodos de alto rendimiento y situaciones de emergencia radiológica.

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